How does elongation factor 2 work?
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 It works by regulating ribosome translocation to regulate protein synthesis. Upon antagonism of the NMDAR, eEF2K is inhibited and eEF2 is no longer phosphorylated resulting in increased protein synthesis.
What are the two elongation factors?
Both fungal and mammalian cells require two soluble protein factors, elongation factors 1 and 2, for the polypeptide chain-elongation reactions of protein synthesis (Moldave, 1985).
What is elongation factor gene?
Elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (eEF1a1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF1A1 gene. This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome.
What does the elongation factor do?
Elongation factors are a set of proteins that function at the ribosome, during protein synthesis, to facilitate translational elongation from the formation of the first to the last peptide bond of a growing polypeptide.
What is ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2?
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is the target of a class of bacterial mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins which include the prototype, DT, exotoxin A from P. aeruginosa, and cholix toxin from V. cholera. Exposure of eukaryotic cells to these toxins leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell growth.
Where does EF G bind?
pretranslocation ribosome
According to pre-steady-state kinetic analyses, EF-G binds to the pretranslocation ribosome in the GTP-bound form and subsequent rapid GTP hydrolysis precedes translocation (1, 2).
What is the function of EF2 in translation?
EF2 (or EF-G) is responsible for the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site (peptidyl-tRNA site) of the ribosome, thereby freeing the A-site for the next aminoacyl-tRNA to bind.
How many elongation factors are involved in elongation of polypeptide chain in bacteria?
Abstract. The elongation phase of translation leads to the decoding of the mRNA and the synthesis of the corresponding polypeptide chain. In most eukaryotes, two distinct protein elongation factors (eEF-1 and eEF-2) are required for elongation. Each is active as a complex with GTP.
Why is elongation important in DNA?
The elongation phase of transcription refers to the process through which nucleotides are added to the growing RNA chain. As the RNA polymerase moves down the DNA template strand, the open complex bubble moves also.
How many elongation factors are there?
Three types of elongation factors are built, in more-or-less similar form, by all living things. These are termed EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G. As with much of molecular biology, however, there are also other names for each of these, coined over the many years that researchers have been studying these molecules.
Where does elongation occur?
Once RNA polymerase is in position at the promoter, the next step of transcription—elongation—can begin. Basically, elongation is the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides.
What are initiation and elongation factors?
These include initiation factors that get it all started, release factors that finish each chain, and elongation factors that assist the many steps between the beginning and the end.